![]() Modern historians do not accept this interpretation, while not exonerating Richard from responsibility for his own deposition. Richard's posthumous reputation has been shaped to a large extent by William Shakespeare, whose play Richard II portrayed Richard's misrule and his deposition as responsible for the 15th-century Wars of the Roses. Richard is thought to have been starved to death in captivity, although questions remain regarding his final fate. Meeting little resistance, he deposed Richard and had himself crowned king. Henry invaded England in June 1399 with a small force that quickly grew in numbers. In 1399, after John of Gaunt died, the King disinherited Gaunt's son, Henry Bolingbroke, who had previously been exiled. The next two years have been described by historians as Richard's "tyranny". In 1397, he took his revenge on the Appellants, many of whom were executed or exiled. By 1389 Richard had regained control, and for the next eight years governed in relative harmony with his former opponents. The King's dependence on a small number of courtiers caused discontent among the influential, and in 1387 control of government was taken over by a group of aristocrats known as the Lords Appellant. In contrast to his grandfather, Richard cultivated a refined atmosphere centred on art and culture at court, in which the king was an elevated figure. A firm believer in the royal prerogative, Richard restrained the power of the aristocracy and relied on a private retinue for military protection instead. ![]() Less warlike than either his father or grandfather, he sought to bring an end to the Hundred Years' War. A major challenge of the reign was the Peasants' Revolt in 1381, and the young king played a central part in the successful suppression of this crisis. England then faced various problems, most notably the Hundred Years' War. Richard's father died in 1376, leaving Richard as heir apparent to his grandfather, King Edward III upon the latter's death, the 10-year-old Richard succeeded to the throne.ĭuring Richard's first years as king, government was in the hands of a series of regency councils, influenced by Richard's uncles John of Gaunt and Thomas of Woodstock. He was the son of Edward, Prince of Wales (later known as the Black Prince), and Joan, Countess of Kent. ![]() 14 February 1400), also known as Richard of Bordeaux, was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. ![]()
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